Психология

Richman · 2019-10-23 23:54:21

smile

AdSence · 2019-10-23 23:54:21

Richman · 2020-06-05 23:00:16

Unfortunately, our knowledge of defenses is analogous to
knowledge by nineteenth-century astronomers of the planet
Pluto. Pluto could not be directly visualized, measured, or even
identified as a single planet. Nevertheless, the tangible reality of
Pluto could be appreciated by its systematic distortion of orbits
of planets that were visible. In similar fashion the observer iden-
tifies a user's invisible defenses by noting systematic distortions.
The problem of the measurement of defenses is even more
difficult than that of unseen planets; for defense mechanisms
refer to unifying processes rather than discrete entities.

George E. Vaillant, Adaptation to Life

Richman · 2020-06-05 23:14:50

Over a period of forty years, Freud recognized most of the de-
fense mechanisms that we speak of today and identified five of
their most important properties:
(I) Defenses were a major
means of managing instinct and affect.
(2) They were uncon-
scious.
(3) They were discrete from one another.
(4) Although
often the hallmarks of major psychiatric syndromes, defenses
were dynamic and reversible.
(5) Finally, they could be adaptive
as well as pathological.

Richman · 2020-06-05 23:21:01

That aggressive instincts, against which
so many of the defenses are erected, were potentially useful and
constructive.

Anna Freud

Richman · 2020-07-06 23:00:19

The gratified child can postpone gratification, and adults only act "spoiled" if they have received too little love - not too much.

George E. Vaillant, Adaptation to Life

Richman · 2020-07-10 23:26:52

Intellectualization is a defense mechanism by which reasoning is used to block confrontation with an unconscious conflict and its associated emotional stress – where thinking is used to avoid feeling
Intellectualization is a transition to reason, where the person avoids uncomfortable emotions by focusing on facts and logic. The situation is treated as an interesting problem that engages the person on a rational basis, whilst the emotional aspects are completely ignored as being irrelevant.
Jargon is often used as a device of intellectualization. By using complex terminology, the focus becomes on the words and finer definitions rather than the human effects.
Intellectualization protects against anxiety by repressing the emotions connected with an event.

Richman · 2020-07-10 23:33:12

Repression is a type of psychological defense mechanism that involves keeping certain thoughts, feelings, or urges out of conscious awareness. ... This process involves pushing painful or disturbing thoughts into the unconscious in order to remain unaware of them.

Richman · 2020-07-10 23:37:15

Denial is a defense mechanism which involves a refusal to accept reality, thus blocking external events from awareness. If a situation is just too much to handle, the person may respond by refusing to perceive it or by denying that it exist.

Richman · 2020-07-10 23:39:27

Displacement is a psychological defense mechanism in which a person redirects a negative emotion from its original source to a less threatening recipient that is less likely to come with repercussions. A classic example of the defense is displaced aggression.

Richman · 2020-07-10 23:41:50

Dissociation as a psychological defence mechanism. Dissociation is a disconnection from events and states that are usually integrated. ... This dissociation means the person is emotionally withdrawn from their healthy sense of self and the world, and this cannot protect against future trauma.

Richman · 2020-07-10 23:43:04

Reaction formation is a kind of psychological defense mechanism in which a person perceives their true feelings or desires to be socially or, in some cases, legally unacceptable, and so they attempt to convince themselves or others that the opposite is true--often in a very exaggerated performance.

Richman · 2020-07-14 21:24:19

Freud пишет:

I have omitted to state whether I attribute different meanings to the words 'suppressed' and 'repressed'. It should have been clear, however, that the latter lays more stress than the former on the fact of attachment to the unconscious.

Suppression implies an element of choice and a conscious awareness of the affective significance of the idea, and repression does not.

Richman · 2020-07-22 23:19:23

To summarize, isolation leaves the idea in consciousness, stripped of all affect. ("I think of killing him, but I feel no anger.") In contrast, repression leaves the affect in consciousness, but so stripped of conscious ideation that even the object remains obscure. ("I feel angry today, but I cannot think at whom.") Displacement allows the subject's conflict-inducing idea and affect to remain linked but directed toward a less dangerous object. ("Today, after lunch with him, I got very angry at my dog.") Reaction formation allows the subject to keep in consciousness an idea and affect that are quite opposite to those in his unconscious. ("It's my Christian duty to love him.") Dissociation permits the ego to so alter the subject's internal state that the pain of conflict becomes irrelevant. ("Every time I see him, we get drunk and laugh over old times.")

George E. Vaillant, Adaptation to Life

Roza · 2020-07-23 10:52:59

Ну Ричмана понесло. Со словарем надо читать.

Richman · 2020-07-29 00:50:36

projection is a defense mechanism in which the human ego defends itself against unconscious impulses or qualities (both positive and negative) by denying their existence in themselves while attributing them to others.
For example, a bully may project their own feelings of vulnerability onto the target. It incorporates blame shifting and can manifest as shame dumping.

Roza

Richman · 2020-08-02 02:10:59

We think of the paranoid as aggressive; but in fact, no defense is so highly
correlated with the traits of self-doubt, pessimism, and passivity.
...
Although we think of the paranoid as exceedingly selfish, the kinship between projection and altruism is fascinating. Both empathy and projection result in a merging of individual boundaries. But to empathize is to perceive clearly and to put yourself in the other person's shoes, not him in yours.

Richman · 2020-08-15 23:34:08

In everyday life, hypochondriasis is a common mode of adaptation. Sometimes hypochondriasis can be a means of obtaining much-needed care. For example, one independent and well-adjusted subject told me that whenever he needed human attention he would get sore throats. More often it is used as a profoundly irritating means of containing hostility. One subject admitted that when he became uncontrollably angry he would become sick. Rather than reproach others who in the past have failed to care for him, the hypochondriac berates his doctor. In
lieu of openly complaining that others have ignored his wishes (often unexpressed) to be dependent, the hypochondriac may prefer to belabor others with his own pain or discomfort.

Unlike many of the neurotic defenses, the defense of hypochondriasis can never be breached by suggesting "It's all in your mind." In response, hypochondriacs will only amplify their pain.
Hypochondriasis is a plea that attention must be paid. Like the Ancient Mariner, the hypochondriac seems driven to let others know the most excruciating details of his agony. He is relieved only when the observer acknowledges that the hypochondriac's pain is the worst since the world began; and so like other immature defenses, hypochondriasis binds others to the user.

George E. Vaillant, Adaptation to Life

Roza

Richman · 2020-09-16 21:19:41

Surprisingly, vigorous parental condemnation of marijuana, of long hair, of interracial dating, and of war protests did not create a generation gap; nor did approval of such behavior bring fathers close to children.
The critical factor in creating a generation gap turned out to be not parental conservatism but parental dishonesty.
The fathers most alienated from their children were specialists in the defense
mechanism of reaction formation and did the opposite of what they really wanted to do.

George E. Vaillant, Adaptation to Life

Roza

Richman · 2020-09-20 21:48:58

If you go into administration, you must believe that this is a creative activity in itself and that your purpose is something more than keeping your desk clean. You are a moderator and arbiter, and you try to deal equitably with a lot of different people, but you've also got to have ideas, and you've got to persuade people that your ideas are important and to see them into reality ... this is part of the excitement of it. In both research and administration, the excitement and the elation is in the creative power. It's bringing things to pass. Now, I think [administration] is more exciting than research.

Ann Roe

Шелест · 2020-09-21 04:08:17

Richman, это точно раздел психология? Не учим инглиш, нет? ))

Гелла · 2020-09-21 04:17:58

Давно хотела задать этот же вопрос))))

Roza · 2020-09-21 08:21:04

Это для иех кто уже знает English или умеет пользоваться google translation, или ещё каким он лайн переводчиком

Richman

Richman · 2020-09-21 09:45:44

Это я книжки такие читаю и цитирую.
Гугл, кстати, очень сносно переводит для понимания смысла, но для цитат желательно корректировать.

Шелест · 2020-09-21 11:47:47

эт без меня. Вон, с Розой. smile
Гелл, пошли отсель. Вина выпьем.

Гелла

Гелла · 2020-09-21 12:48:29

Шелест пишет:

пошли отсель. Вина выпьем.

drinks

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#1 2019-10-23 23:54:21

Психология

2019-10-23 23:54:21

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#2 2020-06-05 23:00:16

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#3 2020-06-05 23:14:50

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#4 2020-06-05 23:21:01

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#5 2020-07-06 23:00:19

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#12 2020-07-14 21:24:19

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#13 2020-07-22 23:19:23

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#14 2020-07-23 10:52:59

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#15 2020-07-29 00:50:36

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#19 2020-09-20 21:48:58

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#23 2020-09-21 09:45:44

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